We know that training can help improve thinking skills. But how much training? And for how long? To find the answers, the researchers reviewed all studies that required older adults to participate for at least four weeks and compared their tests of thinking and memory skills with those of people who didn't start a new exercise routine. They found that people who did at least 52 hours of exercise over an average of about six months were able to improve their thinking skills. In contrast, people who trained for an average of 34 hours during the same period showed no improvement in their thinking skills. The assessment found no association between a weekly amount of physical activity and improved thinking skills.
The review included 98 randomized, controlled trials with a total of 11,061 participants with a mean age of 73. Of the total participants, 59 percent were categorized as healthy adults, 26 percent had mild cognitive impairment, and 15 percent had dementia. A total of 58 percent did not exercise regularly before participating in a study.
